Error pattern: snail trails

  • Solar modules
  • Error patterns
Where can you find snail trails? Snail trails are a phenomenon of wafer-based silicon solar modules and represent a discoloration of the silver-containing front side metallization (metal mesh, cell…

Error pattern: delamination

  • Solar modules
  • Error patterns
What delaminates on modules? Solar modules consist of interconnected solar cells or a semiconductor layer that are laminated under pressure and heat in an encapsulating material between a front glass…

Error pattern: Hotspot

  • Solar modules
  • Error patterns
Where do hotspots occur? Crystalline, wafer-based silicon solar modules consist of wafer-thin silicon solar cells that are soldered together in series to form strings during production. As a result…

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